Bioelectronics encompassing electronic components and circuits for accessing human information play a vital role in real-time and continuous monitoring of biophysiological signals of electrophysiology, mechanical physiology, and electrochemical physiology. However, mechanical noise, particularly motion artifacts, poses a significant challenge in accurately detecting and analyzing target signals. While software-based “postprocessing” methods and signal filtering techniques have been widely employed, challenges such as signal distortion, major requirement of accurate models for classification, power consumption, and data delay inevitably persist. This review presents an overview of noise reduction strategies in bioelectronics, focusing on reducing motion artifacts and improving the signal-to-noise ratio through hardware-based approaches such as “preprocessing”. One of the main stress-avoiding strategies is reducing elastic mechanical energies applied to bioelectronics to prevent stress-induced motion artifacts. Various approaches including strain-compliance, strain-resistance, and stress-damping techniques using unique materials and structures have been explored. Future research should optimize materials and structure designs, establish stable processes and measurement methods, and develop techniques for selectively separating and processing overlapping noises. Ultimately, these advancements will contribute to the development of more reliable and effective bioelectronics for healthcare monitoring and diagnostics.

中文翻译：

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无运动伪影生物电子学的材料和结构设计

生物电子学包含用于获取人类信息的电子元件和电路，在实时、连续监测电生理学、机械生理学和电化学生理学的生物生理信号方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，机械噪声，特别是运动伪影，对准确检测和分析目标信号提出了重大挑战。虽然基于软件的“后处理”方法和信号滤波技术已被广泛采用，但信号失真、分类准确模型的主要要求、功耗和数据延迟等挑战不可避免地持续存在。本综述概述了生物电子学中的降噪策略，重点是通过基于硬件的方法（例如“预处理”）减少运动伪影并提高信噪比。主要的应力避免策略之一是减少应用于生物电子学的弹性机械能，以防止应力引起的运动伪影。人们已经探索了各种方法，包括使用独特材料和结构的应变顺应性、应变抗性和应力阻尼技术。未来的研究应该优化材料和结构设计，建立稳定的工艺和测量方法，并开发选择性分离和处理重叠噪声的技术。最终，这些进步将有助于开发用于医疗保健监测和诊断的更可靠、更有效的生物电子学。