Inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are easy to process but need improved interface characteristics with reduced energy loss to prevent efficiency drops when increasing the active photovoltaic area. Here, we report a series of poly ferrocenyl molecules that can modulate the perovskite surface enabling the construction of small- and large-area PSCs. We found that the perovskite–ferrocenyl interaction forms a hybrid complex with enhanced surface coordination strength and activated electronic states, leading to lower interfacial nonradiative recombination and charge transport resistance losses. The resulting PSCs achieve an enhanced efficiency of up to 26.08% for small-area devices and 24.51% for large-area devices (1.0208 cm²). Moreover, the large-area PSCs maintain >92% of the initial efficiency after 2000 h of continuous operation at the maximum power point under 1-sun illumination and 65 °C.

中文翻译：

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由多茂金属界面实现的高效且可扩展的引脚钙钛矿太阳能电池

倒插销钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）易于加工，但需要改善界面特性并减少能量损失，以防止增加有效光伏面积时效率下降。在这里，我们报道了一系列可以调节钙钛矿表面的聚二茂铁分子，从而能够构建小面积和大面积的 PSC。我们发现钙钛矿-二茂铁基相互作用形成杂化复合物，具有增强的表面配位强度和激活的电子态，从而降低界面非辐射复合和电荷传输电阻损失。由此产生的PSC在小面积器件上实现了高达26.08%的增强效率，在大面积器件(1.0208 cm ² )下实现了高达24.51%的增强效率。此外，在1太阳光照和65°C下，大面积PSC在最大功率点连续运行2000小时后仍保持>92%的初始效率。